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Thomas P Kuhar, PhD

Title Associate Professor Phone (757) 414-0724 ext.14 Fax (757) 414-0730 E-Mail tkuhar@vt.edu Address Eastern Shore Agricultural Research & Extension Center 33446 Research Drive Painter, VA 23420 Web Additional Web Site Education B.S. (1992) Towson University M.S. (1996) Virginia Tech Ph.D. (2000) Virginia Tech

I have 75% Research and 25% Extension Appointment at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center. My program focuses on the development and assessment of novel approaches for managing arthropod pests of vegetables. Research interests include biological control, ecology, integrated pest management, and insecticide resistance management strategies. 2007-08-02 11:01:11.0

Future Direction

I envision my research program moving into the areas of predator-prey releationships, insecticide resistance, and insect pest management for organic vegetables.

Professional Memberships

• Associate Editor for Arthropod Management Tests
• Entomological Society of America, Georgia Entomological Society
• Plant Management Network
• Senior Editor for Plant Health Progress

Personnel

• Student
  • Andrews, Heather
  • Cassell, Meredith
  • Koppel, Amanda L.
  • Wallingford, Anna

Former Students and Faculty Associates

• Erin Hitchner (2007) - Technical Rep, Syngenta CropProtection (email: erin.hitchner@syngenta.com)
• Anna Chapman (2007) - Research Technician, NC State University (email: anchapma@vt.edu)
• Vonny M Barlow (2006) - Extension Entomologist UC Davis (email: vmbarlow@ucdavis.edu)
• Roberto J Cordero (2005) - Research Entomologist/Technical Rep. Seminis Seeds - Monsanto Corp.

Projects

• Evaluating novel insecticides on vegetable crops
  Novel pesticides, including many biological compounds and biorational chemistries are evaluated annually for control of the major arthropod pests of potato, sweet potato, cucurbit vegetables, cole crops, sweet corn, tomatoes, snap beans, peppers, asparagus, and spinach. Research results help the development of new products and label registrations for the vegetable grower.
  
  
• Bean leaf beetle biology and management in snapbeans
  Snapbeans are a multimillion dollar industry in Virginia. Bean leaf beetle has become one of the most important insect pests of the crop. Adults defoliate young plants and scar pods rendering them unmarketable. The current research of my graduate student, Meredith Cassell, involves assessing the impact of early-season defoliation on pod yield, host preference studies, and novel management strategies.
  
  
• Beneficial insectary plants to enhance arthropod natural enemies in vineyards
  In spring 2007, we will establish plantings (~0.1 acre) of each of three commercial insectary plant mixes in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications in vineyards in Virginia (The Vineyard at Point Breeze, Belle Haven, VA) tfoster populations of natural enemies.
  
  
• Biological control of European corn borer with Trichogramma ostriniae
  Trichogramma ostriniae is a tiny parasitic wasp that was brought to the U.S. from China in the mid-1990s. Research in New York and other northeastern states has demonstrated strong potential for biological control of European corn borer in sweet corn. Current research projects by Tom Kuhar in Virginia include: 1) evaluations and optimization of the parasitoid for ECB control in peppers and potatoes, 2) dispersal of the parasitoid after augmentative releases, 3) effect of crop architecture on parasitoid behavior, and 4)integration of pesticides with T. ostriniae.
  
  
• Combined effects of alfalfa weevil and potato leafhopper on yield and forage quality of glandular-haired alfalfa → website
  A three-year Virginia field study found that a commercial leafhopper-resistant alfalfa variety did not provide acceptable resistance to potato leafhopper. Our cost-benefit analysis indicated that growers who planted this ineffective variety lost nearly $31 more per acre than growers who planted one of the many standard, non-leafhopper resistant varieties suited to Virginia.
  
  
• Developing a fall sampling method for predicting spring-planted corn fields with economic infestations of secondary insect pests
  Fall sampling for secondary soil insects on corn has become important to corn growers who plan on using seed-applied insecticides for these pests. This relatively new seed-applied insecticide technology requires that growers order this technology at the same time they place their seed orders, which is usually done in late fall or early winter. Consequently, the information gained from standard pre-plant sampling methods typically done two weeks before spring planting is too late to be useful. In fall 2005 and 2006, a standard soil sampling method and a more efficient sampling method we developed for detecting annual white grubs were compared in fifteen fields in eastern Virginia. The results indicated no significant difference in numbers of annual white grubs detected between the two sampling methods.
  
  
• Ecology and IPM of Diamondback moth on collards
  Dr. Kuhar is currently researching the ecological aspects and insecticide control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), on collards in two regions of Virginia. Research Objectives: 1.To compare fecundity, mortality, and survivorship curves of P. xylostella between the southwestern and eastern shore regions of Virginia using ecological life table analysis. 2.To assess the species complex and relative impact of parasitoids of P. xylostella, 3.To compare insecticide efficacy, relative toxicity to natural enemies, and resistance levels in P. xylostella between the SW and ES regions. Publication: Cordero, R. J.*, T. P. Kuhar, J. Speese, III, R. R. Youngman, E. E. Lewis, J. R. Bloomquist, A. D. Bratsch, and L. T. Kok. 2006. Field efficacy of insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on collards in Virginia. Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0105-01-RS. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php
  
  
• Ecology and management of wireworms
  Wireworms are the larval stage of click beetles and can be serious underground pests of many crops particularly potatoes. A number of research grants have been obtained by Dr. Kuhar to study the management of this important pest group. Projects include the following: 1) Monitoring species complex, 2)Evaluating sampling methods, 3) Investigating habitat preferences, 4)studying the phenology of wireworms with potato crop development, and 5)Evaluating novel insecticide chemistries and timings for control.
  
  
• Evaluating the pest management potential of the use of pheromones and plant attactants of Colorado potato beetle
  This research is a special cooperative research agreement between Dr. Kuhar and Dr. Dick Dickens (USDA-BARC-Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab). The use of attractants and pheromones that draw beetles to a point source may greatly reduce the amount of insecticides necessary for effective control of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in potatoes and other solanaceous crops. Over the past few years, Dr. Dickens has demonstrated that several synthetic kairomone blends, based on the volatiles produced by potato plants, are attractive to CPB. More recently, he and his colleagues identified a male-produced aggregation pheromone, (S)-CPB I, and discovered that the combination of pheromone and plant attractant is more attractive than the plant attractant alone. Field studies in Virginia have demonstrated the attractiveness of the pheromone under field conditions, the potential for the pheromone in a trap crop IPM strategy for CPB, and the assessment of potential attracticide formulations.
  
  
• Evaluation of soil sampling methods and management options for secondary pests on field corn in eastern Virginia
  Numerous on-farm trials since 2003 have indicated that the Virginia-developed, baited wire trap method consistently attracts more wireworms and correctly identifies more cornfields at risk to wireworms, seedcorn maggot, and annual white grubs (i.e., secondary pests) than the bait station method. These secondary pests attack corn seeds and seedlings soon after planting, which leads to reduced plant stands, poor seedling vigor, and lower grain and forage yields. In addition, two new seed-applied insecticides continue to show promise as powerful management tools for use against these secondary pests.
  
  
• Host effects of leafhopper resistant glandular-haired alfalfa on alfalfa weevil and potato leafhopper populations in Virginia → website
  A three-year field study indicated that the leafhopper resistant alfalfa variety in this study did not provide acceptable resistance to potato leafhopper. This particular leafhopper resistant variety, which was sold at a premium for such purpose, is no longer being marketed by the parent company.
  
  
• Virginia Ag Pest Advisory
  A new electronic newsletter, the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory, was created to improve dissemination of IPM information. In the past, clientele could receive a jumble of information regarding pest management, often from several different sources. In July 2004 we launched the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory (http://www.sripmc.org/virginia) in cooperation with the Southern Region IPM Center in Raleigh, NC. The advisory is a database-driven website that compiles pest updates from multiple IPM specialists. Specialists enter their update(s) at a time that is convenient and each entry is categorized by commodity and pest group and identified by a brief title. The compiled advisory in a newsletter format is automatically emailed once a week to the recipient list (currently over 350 individuals). Individual entries can be viewed, or the entire newsletter. The advantage of this system to the recipient is that it is a single-source provider of updated pest information?everything is in one location and users become accustomed to having it delivered at the same time each week.
  
  

Publications

• Chapman, A., Kuhar, T. P., Schultz, P. B., Brewster, C. C. 2009. Dispersal of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in potato fields. Environ. Entomol. 38: 677-685
• Chapman, A., Kuhar, T. P., Schultz, P. B., Leslie, T., Fleischer, S. ., Dively, G., Whalen, J. 2009. Integrating chemical and biological control of European corn borer in bell pepper. . J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 287-295.
• Kamminga, K., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Kuhar, T. P., Malone, S. 2009. Field trials and laboratory bioassays assessing efficacy of insecticides from three classes against Acrosternum hilare and Euschistus servus adults and nymphs. J. Entomol. Sci. 44: 1-10.
• Koppel, A. L., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Kuhar, T. P., Kamminga, K. 2009. Survey of stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) egg parasitoids in wheat, soybean and vegetable crops in Southeast Virginia. . Environ Entomol. 38: 375-379.
• Herbert, Jr, D. A., Malone, S., Kuhar, T. P., Portillo, H. E., Saeini, J. P., Williams, R. W. 2008. Adult corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) susceptibility to methomyl. . Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0312-01-RS
• Hitchner, E., Kuhar, T. P., Dickens, J. C., Youngman, R. R., Schultz, P. B., Pfeiffer, D. G. 2008. Host plant choice experiments of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 859-865
• Kuhar, T. P., Alvarez, J. M. 2008. Timing of injury and efficacy of soil-applied insecticides against wireworms on potato in Virginia.. Crop Prot. 27: 792-798.
• Schultz, P. B., Kuhar, T. P. 2008. First record of pepper weevil infestation in Virginia. . Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0118-01-BR
• Cordero, R. J., Bloomquist, J. R., Kuhar, T. P. 2007. Susceptibility of two diamondback moth parasitoids, Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae) and Ooomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera; Eulophidae), to selected commercial insecticides. Biol. Contr. 42: 48-54
• Fleischer, S. ., Payne, G., Kuhar, T. P., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Malone, S., Whalen, J., Dively, G., Johnson, D., Hebberger, J. A., Ingerson-mahar, J., Miller, D., Isard, S. 2007. Helicoverpa zea trends from the Northeast: Suggestions towards collaborative mapping of migration and pyrethroid susceptibility. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2007-0719-03-RV
• Gatton, H., Kuhar, T. P., Jennings, K., King, S. W., Monks, D., Rideout, S., Toth, S., Waldenmaier, C., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H. 2007. Pest Management Strategic Plan for Tomato in Virginia, North Carolina, and Delaware. Southern Region IPM Center, Virginia Tech, North Carolina State University, and University of Delaware. 58pp.
• Cordero, R. J., Kuhar, T. P., Speese, III, J., Youngman, R. R., Lewis, E. ., Bloomquist, J. R. 2006. Field efficacy of insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on collards in Virginia. . Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0105-01-RS.
• Cordero, R. J., Kuhar, T. P., Speese, III, J., Youngman, R. R., Lewis, E. ., Bloomquist, J. R., Kok, L. T., Bratsch, A. D. 2006. Field efficacy of insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on collards in Virginia. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0105-01-RS
• Dellinger, T. A., Youngman, R. R., Laub, C., Brewster, C. C., Kuhar, T. P. 2006. Yield and forage quality of glandular-haired alfalfa under alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) pest pressure in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 99(4): 1235-1244
• Hoffmann, M. P., Pitcher, S. A., Cheever, S. A., Gardner, J., Losey, J. E., Laub, C., Youngman, R. R., Kuhar, T. P. 2006. Efficacy of inoculative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in field corn.. Biol. Contr. 36: 345-349.
• Kuhar, T. P., Dickens, J. C., Mori, K. 2006. Potential of a synthetic aggregation pheromone for integrated pest management of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).. J. Agric. Forest Entomol. 8: 77-81.
• Kuhar, T. P., Doughty, H. B., Hitchner, E., Chapman, A. 2006. Toxicity and field efficacy of acetamiprid on asparagus beetle.. Online. Plant Health Progress [doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0818-01-RS]
• Kuhar, T. P., Hutchison, W., Whalen, J., Riley, D. G., Meneley, J., Doughty, H. B., Burkness, E. C., Wold-burkness, S. J. 2006. Field evaluation of a novel lure for trapping seedcorn maggot adults. . Online. Plant Health Progress. [doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0606-01-BR]
• Kuhar, T. P., Nault, B. A., Hitchner, E., Speese, III, J. 2006. Evaluation of various sampling-based insecticide spray programs for management of tomato fruitworm in fresh-market tomatoes in Virginia.. Crop Prot. 25: 604-612. [doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2005.08.016]
• Novy, R., Alvarez, J. M., Sterret, S. B., Horton, D., Kuhar, T. P. 2006. Progeny of a tri-species potato somatic hybrid express resistance to wireworm in eastern and western potato production regions of the U.S.. J. Am. Potato Res. 83: 126.
• Dellinger, T. A., Youngman, R. R., Laub, C., Brewster, C. C., Kuhar, T. P. 2005. Host effects of glandular-haired alfalfa on alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) populations in Virginia. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 72-81.
• Hagood, E., Baudoin, A., Day, E. R., Derr, J., Eisenback, J. D., Faircloth, J., Grisso, R., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Hipkins, P. L., Johnson, C. S., Kuhar, T. P., Pfeiffer, D. G., Phipps, P., Semtner, P. J., Speese, III, J., Stromberg, E., Waldenmaier, C., Wilson, H., Yoder, K., Youngman, R. R. 2005. Agricultural Plant Pest Control: A Guide for Agricultural Plant Pest Managers in Virginia (270 pp). Va. Coop. Ext. pub. 456-214
• Hoffmann, M. P., Zalom, F., Kuhar, T. P. 2005. Integrated Pest Management. Chapter In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. http://www.els.net/
• Malone, S., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Kuhar, T. P. 2005. A survey process for assessing impact of an email-delivered pest advisory.. Online. J. Extension. 43:5 Article No. 5RIB2.
• Schooley, T. N., Waldenmaier, C., Kuhar, T. P., Speese, III, J., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H., Sterret, S. B. 2005. Crop Profile for Cucumbers in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/vacucumber.html] 26pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Waldenmaier, C., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H., Sterret, S. B. 2005. Crop Profile for Cabbage in Virginia. Crop Profile for Cabbage in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/vacabbage.html] 20pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Waldenmaier, C., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H., Sterret, S. B. 2005. Crop Profile for Cantaloupes in Virginia. Crop Profile for Cantalopes in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/vacantaloupe.html] 26pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Waldenmaier, C., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H., Sterret, S. B. 2005. Crop Profile for Pumpkins in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/vapumpkins.html] 25pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Waldenmaier, C., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H., Sterret, S. B. 2005. Crop Profile for Summer Squash in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/vasquash.html] 24pp.
• Wright, M. G., Hoffmann, M. P., Pitcher, S. A., Gardner, J., Kuhar, T. P. 2005. . Evaluating risks of biological control introductions: a probalistic risk-assessment approach. . Biol. Contr. 35: 338-347.
• Barlow, V. M., Kuhar, T. P. 2004. Distribution of egg masses of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, in the bell pepper plant canopy. . J. Entomol. Sci. 39: 670-672.
• Kuhar, T. P., Barlow, V. M., Hoffmann, M. P., Fleischer, S. ., groden, E. A., Gardner, J., Hazzard, R., Wright, M. G., Pitcher, S. A., Westgate, P. 2004. Potential of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a biological control agent of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in solanaceous crops.. J. Econ. Entomol. 97: 1209-1216.
• Speese, III, J., Bratsch, A. D., Nault, B. A., Barlow, V. M., Cordero, R. J., Zheng-xing, S., Kuhar, T. P. 2004. Efficacy and economics of fresh-market Bt transgenic sweet corn in Virginia. . Crop Prot. 24: 57-64.
• Hoffmann, M. P., Stivers-young, L. J., Kuhar, T. P. 2003. Pesticide use changes in New York vegetables: 1978 to 1998. J. Extension 41: 1-9. (electronic journal)
• Kuhar, T. P., Hoffmann, M. P., Stivers-young, L. J., Marini, M., Sterret, S. B. 2003. Potato leafhopper economic injury levels on early-stage snap and kidney beans.. HortTech. 13: 647-649.
• Kuhar, T. P., Hoffmann, M. P., Wright, M. G. 2003. Controlling European corn borer in vegetables with a parasitic wasp. . Pesticide Outlook 14: 99-101.
• Kuhar, T. P., Speese, III, J., Whalen, J., Alvarez, J. M., alyokhin, A., Ghidiu, G. 2003. Current status of insecticidal control of wireworms in potatoes.. Pesticide Outlook 14: 265-267.
• Schooley, T. N., Alexander, S. A., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H. 2003. Crop Profile for Peppers in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/VApeppers(bell). html] 21pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Tuckey, D., Alexander, S. A., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H. 2003. Crop Profile for Watermelon in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/VAwatermelon.html] 19pp.
• Schooley, T. N., Tuckey, D., Alexander, S. A., Kuhar, T. P., Weaver, M. J., Wilson, H. 2003. Crop Profile for White Potatoes in Virginia. National IPM Centers. [http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/VApotato.html] 21pp.
• Hoffmann, M. P., Kuhar, T. P., Lorbeer, J. W. 2002. Monitoring and Forecasting for Disease and Insect Attack in Onions Within IPM Strategies.. Book Chapter in Crop Science: Recent Advances
• Hoffmann, M. P., Kuhar, T. P., Stivers-young, L. J., Taylor, A. G. 2002. . Control of corn flea beetle and Stewart’s wilt in sweet corn with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments.. Crop Prot. 21: 25-31.
• Hoffmann, M. P., Wright, M. G., Kuhar, T. P. 2002. Effect of inoculative releases of Trichograma ostriniae on populations of Ostrinia nubilalis and damage to sweet corn and field corn. . Biol. Contr. 23: 149-155.
• Pitcher, S. A., Hoffmann, M. P., Gardner, J., Wright, M. G., Kuhar, T. P. 2002. Effect of cold storage on emergence and fitness of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs.. BioControl 47: 525-535.
• Wright, M. G., Hoffmann, M. P., Kuhar, T. P., Chenus, S. A. 2002. Lifetable studies of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with and without inoculative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). . Environ. Entomol. 31: 482-489.
• Hoffmann, M. P., Kuhar, T. P., Baird, J. M., Gardner, J., Schwartz, P., Shelton, A. M. 2001. Nonwoven fiber barriers for control of cabbage maggot and onion maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). . J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 1485-1491.
• Kuhar, T. P., Youngman, R. R., Laub, C. 2001. Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) phenology with its host crop and parasitoids in Virginia. . J. Entomol. Sci. 36: 352-365.
• Kuhar, T. P., Youngman, R. R., Laub, C. 2000. Population dynamics and mortality of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Virginia.. J. Entomol. Sci. 36: 352-365.
• Kuhar, T. P., Youngman, R. R., Laub, C. 1999. Alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pest status and incidence of Bathyplectes anurus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Zoophthora phytonomi (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in Virginia. . J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 1184-1189.
• Kuhar, T. P., Youngman, R. R. 1998. Olson yellow sticky trap: a decision-making tool for sampling western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults in field corn. . J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 957-963.
• Kuhar, T. P., Laub, C., Youngman, R. R. 1997. Risk of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage to continuous corn in Virginia.. J. Entomol. Sci. 32: 281-289.
• Youngman, R. R., Kuhar, T. P., Midgarden, D. G. 1996. . Effect of trap area on efficiency of yellow sticky traps for sampling western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults in corn. . J. Entomol. Sci. 31: 277-285.
• Kuhar, T. P. 1995. . A pleasing lacewing, Nallachius americanus (McLachan) collected in southwestern Virginia (Neuroptera: Dilaridae).. Banisteria 5: 32-33.
• Kuhar, T. P., Youngman, R. R. 1995. Sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults on yellow sticky traps in corn. . Environ. Entomol. 24: 1408-1413.
• Scarbrough, A. G., Kuhar, T. P. 1993. Pupal cases of three species of Machimus Loew in Maryland (Diptera: Asilidae). . Maryland Entomol. 4: 15-22.
• Scarbrough, A. G., Kuhar, T. P. 1992. Biodiversity of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) in Maryland and Delaware: Part I. Subfamiliy Leptogastrinae. . Maryland Naturalist 36: 13-38.
• Kamminga, K., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Kuhar, T. P., Malone, S., Koppel, A. L. 0. Efficacy of insecticides against Acrosternum hilare and Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Virginia and North Carolina. (Accepted to J. Entomol. Sci.) . J. Entomol. Sci.
• Koppel, A. L., Herbert, Jr, D. A., Kuhar, T. P., Kamminga, K. 0. Survey of stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) egg parasitoids in wheat, soybean and vegetable crops in Southeast Virginia. . Environ. Entomol.

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